CE08

Enduring Understandings
The fuels that power most of our economy offer a study of the chemical changes involved in combustion and the physical changes involved in refining crude oil. This chapter reinforces a perspective that the world is full of atoms and molecules, and that chemical changes involve taking atoms in one set of configurations and rearranging them into a new configuration. Nature has provided us with a mixed bag of molecules, which modern technology has learned to separate, and we are learning new ways to acquire the molecules that we burn for energy.

Prior Learning (from S8 Anchors):
S8.C.1.1 Explain concepts about the structure and properties (physical and chemical) of matter. S8.C.2.1 Describe energy sources, transfer of energy, or conversion of energy. S8.C.2.2 Compare the environmental impact of different energy sources chosen to support human endeavors.
 * S8.C.1.1.1 Explain the differences among elements, compounds, and mixtures.
 * S8.C.1.1.2 Use characteristic physical or chemical properties to distinguish one substance from another (e.g., density, thermal expansion/contraction, freezing/melting points, streak test).
 * S8.C.1.1.3 Identify and describe reactants and products of simple chemical reactions.
 * S8.C.2.1.1 Distinguish among forms of energy (e.g., electrical, mechanical, chemical, light, sound, nuclear) and sources of energy (i.e., renewable and nonrenewable energy)
 * S8.C.2.1.2 Explain how energy is transferred from one place to another through convection, conduction, or radiation.
 * S8.C.2.1.3 Describe how one form of energy (e.g., electrical, mechanical, chemical, light, sound, nuclear) can be converted into a different form of energy.
 * S8.C.2.2.1 Describe the Sun as the major source of energy that impacts the environment.
 * S8.C.2.2.2 Compare the time span of renewability for fossil fuels and the time span of renewability for alternative fuels.
 * S8.C.2.2.3 Describe the waste (i.e., kind and quantity) derived from the use of renewable and nonrenewable resources and their potential impact on the environment.

Learning Objectives: Students will be able to...

 * Describe energy changes in chemical reactions.
 * Distinguish between chemical and physical changes involved in fuel processing and consumption.
 * Explain the environmental impacts of energy use by various economic sectors (transportation, agriculture, petrochemicals).
 * Analyze fuel supply and demand trends and predict future developments.
 * Give examples of renewable and nonrenewable fuels and explain the environmental and economic advantages and disadvantages of their use.

Working Draft of Essential Learning Activities/Strategies/Technologies

 * Molecule Kit Investigations
 * Chemical & Physical Change Investigation
 * Distillation Investigation
 * Balancing Chemical Equations
 * Analyze Supply & Demand for Fuels
 * Research Alternative Fuels

Supplemental Resources:
Cox Lesson #1 Atoms & Molecules Cox Lesson #2 Chemical Fuels Cox Lesson #3 Physical Changes Cox Lesson #4 Chemical Changes Cox Lesson #5 Fossil Fuel Resources Cox Lesson #6 Renewable Resources http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/gasoline.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine.htm http://auto.howstuffworks.com/biodiesel.htm http://www.ase.org/section/_audience/educators/lessons Ch 4.4 Hydrocarbons; Ch 5.3 Balancing Distillation, Combustion Apparatus http://www.eia.doe.gov http://www.fossil.energy.gov http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass Online Molecule Simulations Online Distillation Simulations [|eMolecules.com] Provides a drawing tool that results in a link to the formal name of the molecule, and a supplier. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/powersof10/ - I used this to introduce Atoms at the very beginning. Very helpful for students who don't understand exactly how small an atom really is. Some didn't even know if a cell was bigger or smaller than an atom. Carbon Capture Video http://discovermagazine.com/brightcove?bcpid=370512060&bclid=533256427&bctid=1203064106
 * Firefighting Technology
 * Isomers of Alkanes
 * Internal Combustion Engine
 * Text: Science Spectrum** CH 2.3 Chem vs. Physical Properties; CH 3 Periodic Table (various topics); Ch 4.1 compounds vs. mixtures;

Instructional Objectives: Students will be able to...
//Molecules, Diagrams, Formulas// //Chemical Properties of Fuels// //Fractional Distillation and Fuel Mixtures// //Combustion of Hydrocarbons (Fire Triangle)// //Sources of Fuels (Renewable and Nonrenewable)//
 * draw diagrams and write molecular formulas of common molecules.
 * identify common elements in common fuels.
 * relate physical properties of common fuels to their molecular structure.
 * distinguish between molecular compounds and mixtures of compounds.
 * describe the process of fractional distillation.
 * identify the three features involved in hydocarbon combustion.
 * equate the atoms in the products of a combustion reaction with the atoms in the reactants.
 * explain current theories on the formation of fossil fuels.
 * interpret data on fossil fuel reserves.
 * describe methods of cultivating renewable fuel sources.